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    • 专利摘要:
    Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component. It consists of a support ring (3) formed from two half-cylinders articulated at one of its ends (5) and provided with a closure on the other (6), which allows it to be fixed around the tubular component whose temperature is to be monitored. A series of positioning modules of thermocouples (4), driven by a spring, are located on the support ring, which ensure contact between the thermocouples and the monitored component during the process of acquiring temperature data. The support ring has a series of supports (11) threaded radially on its inner surface to maintain a suitable distance between the outer surface of the monitored component and the ring, so that the ring never comes into direct contact with the monitored component. Likewise, the ring has a set of jaws (10) for fixing and conducting the thermocouple cables along its periphery. The entire assembly is thermally insulated by means of a housing that avoids potential uncertainties in the temperature measurement of the monitored component introduced by variations in the ambient temperature. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2573842A1
    申请号:ES201431817
    申请日:2014-12-10
    公开日:2016-06-10
    发明作者:David GALBALLY HERRERO；Luis Manuel MOCHÓN CASTRO
    申请人:Innomerics S L；Innomerics Sl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component
    TECHNICAL SECTOR
    The present invention relates to a non-invasive external system for the determination of the spatial distribution and temporal variation of temperatures in tubular components of industrial facilities, such as process pipes of the type commonly used in power generation plants and petrochemical installations.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    There are multiple cases of industrial processes in which a hot fluid circulates through a system of pipes passing through different components to fulfill different functions related to thermodynamic processes of mass exchange, amount of movement or energy. For example, in the case of nuclear power generation plants boiling water, the supply water pipes carry water from the condenser to the reactor, passing through several heat exchangers that heat the water before it is injected into the vessel from the reactor through the feed water nozzles. Inside the reactor the water is heated to its boiling point, and the steam is so! generated is conducted to the turbine through a new pipe system, to later condense inside the condenser and return to the reactor through the aforementioned feed water pipes.
    The spatial and temporal variations of temperature in the process fluid in turn generate variations in the existing thermal stresses in the material of the pipes and components through which said fluid circulates. These variations of tension produce cycles of fatigue in the material, reducing its useful life. Once the accumulated fatigue damage depletes the useful life of the material, the appearance of fatigue cracks occurs that can endanger the structural integrity of the component, so replacement or repair of the component is necessary.
    Since fatigue due to temperature variations in process fluids has a significant impact on the life of the components through which these fluids circulate, it is common to monitor the accumulated damage due to fatigue in the critical components of the different systems of a system. industrial installation through the use of computer programs specifically developed for this purpose. Patent documents US4764882, "Method of monitoring fatigue of structural component parts, for example, in nuclear power plants", US4908775, "Cycle monitoring method and apparatus" and US5157619, "Abnormal thermal loading effects monitoring system", present descriptions of this type of systems whose function is the monitoring of fatigue accumulated damage in components subjected to
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    temperature variations due to thermal changes in the fluid that circulates inside.
    All fatigue accumulated damage monitoring systems require knowing the spatial and temporal variation of the temperature in the monitored components. These temperature data can come from two sources. In the first case the data is obtained from sensors already existing in the system to be monitored, while in the second case the temperature data comes from instruments specifically installed to provide input data to the fatigue monitoring systems.
    In the case of using readings from existing sensors, these sensors were usually installed during the construction process of the industrial installation in order to provide the system operators with the necessary information to adequately control the industrial process that took place in said system . Since the original function of these sensors was not to provide data for use in structural material fatigue calculations, but to provide operational and control information to human operators, it is common for locations and measuring ranges of These measuring instruments are not suitable for the use of their readings in calculations of damage accumulated by fatigue. It is common for these sensors to be located relatively far from the components on which it is desired to perform fatigue monitoring, so the use of analytical correlations is required to calculate the temperature at the points of interest of the components monitored from the temperature recorded at the points where the existing process instrumentation is located. The uncertainties associated with this use of analytical correlations have an impact on the accuracy of the calculation of fatigue damage accumulation, which may lead to errors that lead to unforeseen failures of the component or its preventive replacement when the component's useful life has not yet been exhausted.
    The previously mentioned uncertainties associated with the use of existing process instrumentation for the realization of fatigue damage accumulation calculations force the installation of sensors placed directly on the components that you want to monitor when high precision calculations are required. Likewise, this placement of specific sensors makes it possible to adapt their measurement ranges, accuracies and sampling frequencies to what is required by the monitoring system, thereby reducing the uncertainties associated with the calculations of useful life performed by the system. However, this installation of specific sensors also has significant disadvantages associated with the owner of the installation.
    The first drawback associated with the installation of temperature sensors specifically designed to provide readings used by fatigue calculation systems lies in the risks that exist for the personnel in charge of their placement and assembly, since normally these sensors must be installed in potentially hazardous environments and conditions. Dangerous for the human being. For example, in the case of critical components for the useful life of boiling nuclear power plants, such as the pipes and water nozzles of reactor feed,
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    Radioactivity existing in the area where these sensors should be placed is very high, so the installation of conventional temperature sensors that require its welding fixation to the monitored component causes a very high accumulation of radiological dose by the personnel responsible for the assembly of said sensors
    In many cases the installation of sensors for the monitoring of the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of temperatures inside components also represents risks for the installation. For example, document US5157619 proposes the insertion of thermocouples or resistive temperature sensors (RTD sensors) inside pipes to obtain temperature measurements that allow determining the thermal transients to which these components are subjected . The insertion of these sensors requires holes in the pipe wall, which reduces their mechanical resistance and can jeopardize the structural integrity of the component, causing leaks of the process fluid that circulates inside. In many cases the construction codes applicable to critical facilities such as nuclear power plants impose very demanding requirements to practice the drilling required for this invasive placement of temperature sensors inside components related to nuclear safety, which makes said operation Be overly expensive.
    A simple alternative to the placement of sensors inside the components to be monitored consists in fixing the sensors to the outer surface of said components by means of flanges or clamps. However, this alternative has three fundamental disadvantages. The first of these drawbacks is the impact that the potential variations in ambient temperature have on the readings provided by the temperature sensors when they are located on the outer surface of the component whose internal temperature is to be monitored. The determination of the temperature inside the component from measurements taken on its outer surface can only be carried out precisely if the sensors are not affected by influences outside the temperature of the fluid circulating inside the component , as is the ambient temperature.
    The second drawback is the difficulty of manually placing the sensors in a precise location in a repeatable way. Finally, in many cases a relatively high number of sensors is required to accurately determine the spatial distribution of temperatures in the monitored component. For example, it is not uncommon that it is necessary to place multiple regularly distributed sensors circumferentially along the outer perimeter of a pipe to determine a non-uniform temperature distribution of the fluid circulating inside. The manual placement of multiple sensors individually in precise positions of the component and its fixation by means of flanges or similar elements requires high installation times that, once again, may pose a risk to the personnel in charge of carrying out said installation.
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    From the description of the prior art it is concluded that there is a need for the precise determination of the temporal and spatial variations of the temperature distribution inside structurally critical components of industrial facilities such as nuclear power generation plants electric However, it is also concluded that there are limitations in the solutions currently used for the determination of such temperature variations. These limitations are associated with several factors, such as the structural risks and high cost arising from the drilling and welding operations required for the invasive installation of the sensors inside the monitored components, the risks for the installation personnel derived from the complexity for the installation of multiple sensors that require prolonged residence times in locations potentially dangerous to humans, and the measurement uncertainties introduced by the effect of ambient temperature variations in the case of utilization of sensors adhered to the outer surface of the component.
    In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide a non-invasive system that allows to determine the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the temperature inside tubular components in industrial facilities, such as pipes, nozzles, tanks and tubular exchangers, allowing the installation of multiple temperature sensors in precise locations repeatable and in a short time.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    In order to achieve the above object, a system consisting of a configurable number of thermocouple type temperature sensors, circumferentially distributed along the perimeter of a ring-shaped support structure that allows simultaneous positioning is provided according to the present invention. of all temperature sensors at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component whose temperature is to be determined. This minimizes the time required for the installation of the sensors. The number of sensors depends on the precision with which it is desired to characterize the spatial distribution and the temporal evolution of temperatures in the monitored component.
    The ring-shaped support structure is divided into two articulated semi-cylindrical sections, so that the ring can be opened at one end to facilitate placement. The ring also has a locking mechanism that allows it to be closed and fixed around the monitored component once installed.
    Each thermocouple is housed inside a positioning module that has several functions. The first of these functions is to keep the thermocouples away from the surface of the monitored component during the ring installation process, in order to avoid possible damage to the thermocouples by rubbing or crushing. The second function is to apply a pushing force on the thermocouple in order to ensure continuous contact between the thermocouple and the
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    surface of the monitored component during the process of acquiring temperature measurements.
    Each thermocouple positioning module consists of a fixed bushing, formed by a hollow cylinder, integral with the support ring. The thermocouple has its bent end at a right angle and is inserted inside a mobile bushing, which is coaxial with the fixed bushing and can slide inside it, so that it allows the thermocouple to move along the axis of the fixed bushing. A compressed spring between the mobile inner bushing and the fixed outer bushing continuously pushes the assembly formed by the thermocouple and the mobile bushing against the outer surface of the component whose temperature is to be measured, producing a deformation of the thermocouple, so as to ensure the contact between the thermocouple and the component even if the surface of the thermocouple has irregularities. The axis of the fixed bushing forms an oblique angle less than or equal to 90 ° with the surface of the support ring, so that the first contact of the thermocouple with the surface of the monitored component occurs at the tip of the thermocouple, which constitutes its most sensitive area for temperature measurement.
    The mobile bushing has a guiding mechanism along grooves in the fixed bushing. This mechanism prevents rotation of the mobile bushing with respect to the fixed bushing during axial displacement of the mobile bushing along the axis of the fixed bushing. The guiding mechanism along the grooves allows the mobile bushing to be locked at the upper end of its path, thus keeping the thermocouple away from the surface of the monitored component without the need to apply a manual force opposite to the spring force.
    During the installation process of the support ring, the temperature sensors are retracted to prevent them from being damaged by rubbing against the outer surface of the component whose temperature is to be monitored. The ring is maintained at a certain distance from the outer surface of the component by a series of radially threaded brackets to the bottom of the ring. These supports are interchangeable by the user, so that the use of supports with different lengths is possible depending on the profile of the outer surface of the monitored component. Also, the ring has one or more orientation sensors, such as level indicators or inertial sensors, to facilitate its precise positioning in the desired azimuth of the monitored component.
    The range of motion of the assembly formed by the thermocouple and the mobile bushing has two extreme positions that differ by the distance between the end of the thermocouple and the axis of the ring. In the retracted position, the distance from the end of the thermocouple to the axis of the ring is maximum, so that contact between the thermocouple and the outer surface of the monitored component is avoided. In accordance with the description provided above, it is possible to block the thermocouple assembly and the mobile bushing in this position.
    When the guidance system is unlocked, the spring pushes the assembly formed by the thermocouple and the mobile bushing towards its extended position, until the thermocouple makes contact with the outer surface of the monitored component. In
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    In this case, the reaction force exerted by the monitored component on the thermocouple compensates for the force exerted by the compressed spring, preventing the displacement of the assembly formed by the thermocouple and the mobile bushing.
    In order to improve the accuracy of the temperature measurements, it is possible to insert the ends of the thermocouples into a tablet made of a material of high thermal conductivity, so that the contact surface between the thermocouple and the outer surface is increased of the monitored component, improving heat transfer between thermocouple and component. Each tablet is shaped like a prism in whose central section a blind drill is made parallel to the upper and lower faces of the prism. In said blind hole, the end of a thermocouple of those existing in the system is inserted, so that each tablet has a single thermocouple inserted, although there may be thermocouples in the system that are not inserted in any tablet. These pads have a reduced thickness, the thickness of each being equivalent to 25% of the wall thickness of the monitored component, although that percentage will depend on the conductivity of the material used to make the tablet.
    The entire assembly is thermally insulated by a thermal insulation housing, so that potential interference due to variations in ambient temperature in the component temperature measurements provided by the thermocouples is avoided. The housing is divided into several sections to facilitate its assembly and has an annular cavity in its central section to house the rest of the system elements.
    The temperature sensors transmit their readings through cables conducted around the periphery of the ring through clamping jaws, to a single outlet point where there is a common connector to which a cable with as many conductive wires is connected as necessary to transmit the signals of the different temperature sensors to a data acquisition system that samples the temperature readings and stores them for later use in a fatigue calculation system accumulated by fatigue or for any other use. It is usual to use these temperatures as input of an inverse calculation algorithm that allows the temperature to be determined analytically at any point of the component, for example at points on its inner surface, from the measurements provided by the thermocouples at different points on its outer surface .
    Finally, the system includes the possibility of installing intermediate individual connectors between the common connector and each of the thermocouples, in order to facilitate the disconnection and replacement of a single thermocouple in case of failure without the need to disassemble the common connector to which they are connected all thermocouples of the ring.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    For the best understanding of what is described herein, some drawings are attached in which, just by way of example, a practical case of realization of the non-invasive system for the characterization of the
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    temperature distribution inside structural components described herein.
    Figure 1. It shows a side view of the system mounted on a cylindrical component and a cross section showing the ring-shaped support structure located inside the annular cavity existing in the central section of the thermal insulation housing.
    Figure 2. It shows an isometric view of the temperature measurement system mounted on a pipe section, with the two thermal insulation sections removed to allow visualization of the support ring and thermocouple positioning modules distributed on its periphery.
    Figure 3. It shows an elevation view and its corresponding plan view of the temperature measurement system without the external thermal insulation housing to allow visualization of the main elements of the system. Only the first section of the connecting cable of each of the thermocouples is shown in order not to obstruct the visualization of the rest of the elements located on the support ring.
    Figure 4. Shows an isometric view of the temperature measurement system without the outer thermal insulation housing, in order to allow visualization of the main elements of the system. Only the first section of the connection cable of each of the thermocouples is shown so as not to obstruct the visualization of the rest of the elements located on the support ring.
    Figure 5. Shows the elements that constitute a thermocouple positioning module. This module ensures the contact between each thermocouple and the outer surface of the component to be monitored.
    Figure 6. Shows a front view and a cross section of the thermocouple positioning module that ensures the contact between each thermocouple and the outer surface of the component to be monitored.
    Figure 7. Shows a front view and a cross section of the thermocouple positioning module. In this case, the alternative of including a high thermal conductivity tablet surrounding the end of the thermocouple has been used, in order to increase the thermal conductivity between the thermocouple and the monitored component.
    Figure 8. Shows a side view and a front view of a thermocouple positioning module in three different positions: locked position, retracted position, and extended position. In this case the support ring has been partially sectioned to allow a better visualization of the thermocouple positioning module.
    Figure 9. Shows the direct wiring option of a thermocouple to the common connector to which the wires of all thermocouples located in the ring arrive.
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    Figure 10. It shows the option of indirect wiring of a thermocouple to the common connector to which the cables of all the thermocouples located in the ring arrive. This option includes an individual intermediate connector for each thermocouple.
    Figure 11. It shows a simplified scheme of the system installed on a cylindrical component whose temperature distribution is to be known. The figure shows the positions of known temperatures, coinciding with the locations of the different thermocouples distributed circumferentially around the support ring.
    DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
    On the component to be monitored (1), a support ring (3) is placed that is covered with an external thermal insulation housing (2). In this case the thermal insulation housing is formed by two semi-cylinders (2a) and (2b), so that it is possible to place it around the support ring without the need to introduce the insulation through one of the ends of the monitored component. As shown in Figure 2, each of the two thermal insulation semi-cylinders has an annular cavity in its central section that allows the support ring and the rest of the system elements inside to be accommodated.
    The support ring (3) has several slots regularly spaced along its periphery. In each of these slots it is possible to install a thermocouple positioning module (4). The number and spacing of the slots depend on the number of thermocouples that you want to use in the monitoring. The system described in the present embodiment has 10 thermocouples, but this feature is easily configurable depending on the requirements of the final application, so that number of thermocouples is presented by way of example only and should not be interpreted as a fundamental feature. or revindication associated with the invention. The number of thermocouples used can vary between a single thermocouple and the maximum number that is physically possible to install due to space restrictions in the support ring.
    The ring has a series of supports (11), regularly spaced along its perimeter and radially threaded on its lower surface. These supports (11) keep the ring (3) at a predetermined distance from the outer surface of the component. The most frequent case is that the tubular component to be monitored is of cylindrical geometry with approximately circular cross-section, as is the case of pipes, tanks, exchangers, nozzles, etc. In this case, all the supports (11) of the ring have the same length. In case the monitored component is not circular in section, it is possible to use supports of different lengths to compensate for irregularities or deviations from the outer surface of the monitored component with respect to the circular ring geometry. It is also possible to use support rings (3) of non-circular geometry that replicate the outer perimeter geometry of the monitored component.
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    As in the case of thermal insulation, the support ring is divided into two semi-cylinders to facilitate its assembly on the monitored component. Both semi-cylinders are connected at one end by a hinge (5) and at the opposite end by a manual closure (6), which allows adjusting the degree of tension applied to the ring, in order to avoid vibrations or displacements of the ring at axis length of the monitored component.
    A hollow tube (7) with several openings in its base is located at one point of the support ring, whose function is to lead the thermocouple wires to the common connector (8) located at its end. The wires of the different thermocouples are conducted along the outer circumference of the ring from each of the thermocouples to the common connector. At regular intervals, the support ring has clamping jaws (10) that allow the cables to be conducted parallel to the outer surface of the ring, preventing the different cables from becoming entangled or crossing each other. It is necessary to indicate that in the figures that accompany this document only the first section of cable (12a) connected to each thermocouple is shown, since in case of showing the complete cables between each thermocouple and the common connector, clarity will be lost in the figures due to the excess of existing cables in the outer periphery of the support ring. Figures 9 and 10 show the typical complete electrical connection chain between each of the thermocouples (12) and the common connector (8).
    The support ring also has an inclination sensor (9) that shows the azimuthal position of the ring with respect to the monitored component. This sensor allows precise positioning of the ring during the assembly operation.
    Each of the thermocouple positioning modules (4) has a base (13) that is fixed to the lower surface of the support ring (3) by means of two countersunk screws (14). Likewise, the assembly has a fixed outer bushing (20) jointly joined to the base (13) by means of two captive screws (15), so that the support ring, the base and the outer bushing form a rigid assembly. Inside the fixed outer bushing there is a mobile inner bushing (16) that can move axially along the axis of the fixed bushing.
    The axial movement of the mobile bushing with respect to the fixed bushing is guided by two threaded rods of cylindrical section (19) screwed to both sides of the mobile bushing. The threaded rods slide along two longitudinal grooves made on both sides of the fixed bushing. The lower section of said grooves runs along two diametrically opposite generatrices of the fixed bushing, avoiding unwanted rotations of the mobile bushing. The upper section of the grooves forms an angle of 90 ° with respect to the lower section, running parallel to the upper surface of the fixed bushing. This rotation of the upper part of the grooves at right angles allows the locking of the threaded rods (19) by means of a bayonet-type mechanism, and thus prevents the relative axial displacement of the movable bushing with respect to the fixed bushing when the threaded rods are They are located at the end of both slots.
    The thermocouple (12) is inserted inside the mobile bushing so that it is coaxial to it, and is fixed by two captive screws (18), thus achieving that the
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    mobile bushing (16), thermocouple (12) and threaded rods (19) form a rigid assembly that moves in solidarity with respect to the assembly formed by the base (13), the fixed bushing (20) and the support ring (3 ).
    It is possible to increase the contact surface between the thermocouple and the monitored component by inserting the end of the thermocouple into a tablet (23) made of a material with high thermal conductivity. This type of configuration with tablet is recommended to monitor the temperature of components with rough or irregular surface on which the contact of the bare thermocouple may not be ideal. It has been proven experimentally that the use of this tablet (23) improves the thermocouple reading even in cases where the surface of the component is relatively smooth, since it ensures that the entire outer surface of the thermocouple is at the same temperature as the surface outside of the component, while in the case of bare thermocouple, the contact between its outer surface and the surface of the monitored component occurs only along a line defined by the contact generator.
    The thermocouple (12) is connected to the signal cable (12a) through a cylindrical steel connection around which a spring (17) is placed whose compression causes the mobile bushing to move along the axis of the fixed bushing. The thermocouple used is a mineral insulation thermocouple with a stainless steel cylindrical shell. The end of the thermocouple is bent so that its entire sensitive end, with a length of several millimeters, is in contact with the outer surface of the monitored component.
    The relative displacement of the mobile bushing with respect to the fixed bushing makes it possible to vary the position of the thermocouple with respect to the support ring and, consequently, also its distance with respect to the outer surface of the monitored component. Figure 8 shows three typical positions of a thermocouple positioning module. In the locked position, the threaded rods are located at the final end of the upper section of the grooves made on both sides of the fixed bushing, whereby the rods collide with the lower surface of the groove, thereby preventing their axial displacement to along the axis of the fixed bushing. In this position the thermocouple is elevated above the surface of the monitored component. This configuration is used to position the support ring with respect to the monitored component without damaging the thermocouples. In this position it is not possible to perform temperature measurements, since the thermocouples are not in contact with the component whose temperature you want to monitor.
    The retracted position is reached when the threaded rods (19) are at the upper end of the longitudinal grooves coinciding with diametrically opposite generatrices of the fixed bushing. The thermocouple positioning module cannot maintain this position by itself, since the compressed spring (17) located inside it tends to move the mobile bushing a distance d2 until the threaded rods reach the lower end of their respective grooves. Therefore, to reach this position it is necessary to exert a manual force on the threaded rods that compensates for the force exerted by the
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    dock. In this position the end of the thermocouple is a distance d1 above the surface of the monitored component.
    The extended position is reached from the retracted position when the manual force that compensates for the spring force is eliminated. In this position the spring forces the lower section of the thermocouple to maintain contact with the surface of the component, allowing a precise measurement of the temperature of said surface.
    The fixed bushing is inclined at an angle a, typically less than 90 °, with respect to the surface of the base (13) and the support ring (3), so that the bent end of the thermocouple forms an angle ft, of value 90 ° - a, with respect to said surfaces when the thermocouple is in retracted position. Thus, when the thermocouple descends under the action of the spring, its tip is the first part that comes into contact with the monitored component. This observation is important because the tip of the thermocouple is its most sensitive part for temperature measurement. Since d1 is less than d2, when the tip of the thermocouple comes into contact with the monitored component, it is observed that the threaded rods have not reached the end of the grooves of the fixed bushing, so that the spring forces the mobile bushing to continue its axial displacement, being able to elastically deform the thermocouple, until the entire length of its bent lower end is in contact with the surface of the monitored component. This behavior increases the precision in the measurement, since it is important that the thermocouple makes contact along several millimeters in length to minimize the uncertainties in the temperature measurement reported.
    In figure 8 it is observed that in its extended position the angle formed by the end of the thermocouple and the axis of both bushings is equal to the angle a, while in the locked position and in the retracted position said angle is equal to 90 °.
    From the extended position it is possible to return the thermocouple to the retracted position by applying a manual force on the threaded rods (19) opposite to the force exerted by the spring, so that the assembly formed by rods, movable bushing and thermocouple moves axially along the axis of the fixed bushing, moving away from the monitored component, until reaching the retracted position. From the retracted position it is possible to reach the locked position by manually applying a torque to the threaded rods, so that the assembly formed by rods, movable bushing and thermocouple rotates with respect to the fixed bushing, moving the threaded rods along the section upper of the grooves until the end of it is reached, so that its axial movement is impeded.
    From the end of each thermocouple starts a cable that transmits the temperature signal to the common connector (8) located at the end of the cable conduction tube (7). There are different alternatives to make such connection. Figures 9 and 10 show two of these alternatives. In the first case, the wiring between each of the thermocouples (12) and the common connector (8) is direct, so that each thermocouple is connected by a continuous cable of sufficient length to cover the distance between the thermocouple and the connector
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    This distance is a function of the position occupied by each thermocouple in the support ring, so it is generally different for each thermocouple.
    In the second connection configuration, shown in Figure 10, the connection cable between the thermocouple and the common connector has an intermediate connection structurally supported by one of the cable conduction jaws (10) fixed to the outer surface of the ring support. This intermediate connection is constituted by a single male connector (21) and a single female connector (22) that allow disconnecting the thermocouple without manipulating the common connector (8). This intermediate connection makes it easy to replace a damaged thermocouple, keeping intact the section of cable between the female connector (22) and the common connector (8). Since the common connector receives the cables of all thermocouples in the system, connecting and disconnecting a thermocouple cable directly from said connector can damage adjacent cable connections, thus having independent individual connections for each thermocouple minimizes this risk. .
    The temperature signals from all the thermocouples in the ring are sent to a data acquisition and processing system through a cable connected to the common connector (8). This data processing system can have algorithms with different degrees of sophistication depending on the type of information desired. The system object of the present invention is able to determine, by direct measurements, the temperature in a series of points located on the outer surface of the monitored component. In the specific case of the realization of the invention described in this section, the system provides the temporary evolution of the temperature at the points defined by the coordinates (xs, ys, zs), where s = 1, ..., 10 It is a sub-index that represents each of the 10 thermocouples available in the system, as shown in Figure 11.
    In components manufactured from materials with high thermal conductivities, such as metals typically used in structural components, the temperature gradient through the wall thickness of the material is usually reduced under stationary conditions, so it is possible to estimate the temperature at which is an arbitrary point not monitored, with generic coordinates (x, y, z), by direct interpolation of the measurements provided by the thermocouples available at the points (xs, ys, zs).
    In transitory regime or conditions where there are significant temperature gradients through the component section it is possible to apply inverse algorithms to solve thermal problems for the precise calculation of the temporal evolution of the temperature at points of the component where there are no thermocouples. These algorithms use the temperatures T (xs, ys, zs, t) provided by the system as input variables for performing the necessary inverse calculations. There are different algorithms of this type available in the literature that allow, for example, to calculate the temperature on the inner surface of the component from the readings obtained from the thermocouples located on its outer surface. The book "Inverse Heat Transfer Fundamentals and Applications" written by M. Necati Ozisik and Helcio R. B. Orlande and published by Taylor & Francis publishing house is a good
    reference for the implementation of this type of algorithms from the temperature measurements provided by the system described herein.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
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    1. Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component comprising the following elements:
    • An external thermal insulation housing divided into several removable sections with an annular cavity in its central area to house the rest of the system elements.
    • A cylindrical support ring divided into two articulated half cylinders with a closure that allows its fixation around the monitored component.
    • At least one thermocouple positioning module located at a point on the periphery of the support ring, provided with a mobile cylindrical bushing with freedom of movement along its axis and operated by a spring, which pushes the assembly formed by bushing and thermocouple to the outer surface of the monitored component, ensuring contact between thermocouple and monitored component during the process of acquiring temperature data.
    • One or more inclination and orientation sensors located on the support ring to facilitate quick and precise positioning of the system on the monitored component.
    • A system for the conduction of the thermocouple cables along the periphery of the ring to a point where a common connector for the connection of the system to a data acquisition cable is located.
    [2]
    2. Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component, according to revindication 1, which contains a series of radially threaded supports to the inner surface of the support ring to ensure that the distance between the surface The exterior of the monitored component and the structure of the support ring is adequate depending on the travel of the mobile bushings of the positioning modules, preventing direct contact between the support ring and the outer surface of the monitored component.
    [3]
    3. Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the thermocouple positioning modules located on the support ring has a guidance system by means of through grooves formed on the sides of a hollow cylindrical bushing fixed to the support ring and concentric with the mobile bushing, where said guiding system allows to block the assembly formed by the thermocouple and the mobile bushing in a position away from the surface of the monitored component, in order to avoid damage by rubbing or crushing the thermocouples during the installation process of the support ring.
    [4]
    4. Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermocouple positioning modules are
    5 oriented with an oblique angle less than or equal to 90 ° with respect to the surface of the ring, so as to ensure that the sensitive end of the thermocouple is always kept in contact with the surface of the monitored component.
    [5]
    5. Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points of the outer surface of a tubular component, according to the preceding claims,
    It contains individual intermediate connectors between each thermocouple and the common data output connector, so that it is possible to disconnect and replace a single thermocouple without manipulating the common connector to which all the system temperature signals reach.
    fifteen
    [6]
    6. Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component, according to the preceding claims, which contains one or more tablets made from a material of high thermal conductivity, of a thickness equivalent to 25% of the wall thickness of
    The monitored component, although that percentage will depend on the conductivity of the material used to make the tablet, with a blind hole made in the central section of each tablet whose axis runs parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the tablet, in the that the end of a thermocouple of those existing in the system is inserted, so that each tablet has a single thermocouple inserted, however, thermocouples may be nonetheless in the system that are not inserted in any tablet.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2573842B2|2016-12-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5711608A|1993-10-12|1998-01-27|Finney; Philip F.|Thermocouple assemblies|
    US20070237202A1|2006-04-07|2007-10-11|Jaffe Limited|Method for measuring temperature of heat pipe|
    US20080163692A1|2007-01-09|2008-07-10|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|System and method for using one or more thermal sensor probes for flow analysis, flow assurance and pipe condition monitoring of a pipeline for flowing hydrocarbons|CN109916525A|2018-12-20|2019-06-21|国网浙江省电力有限公司金华供电公司|A kind of cable local temperature measuring device|
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    ES201431817A|ES2573842B2|2014-12-10|2014-12-10|Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component|ES201431817A| ES2573842B2|2014-12-10|2014-12-10|Non-invasive system for measuring temperature at precise points on the outer surface of a tubular component|
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